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Objective:To explore the value of karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in the prenatal diagnosis of balanced translocation/inversion carriers.Methods:This was a retrospective study involving 117 balanced translocation/inversion carrier couples. Among them, 90 women had a history of spontaneous abortion(≥2 times), stillbirth, fetal multiple malformations, or giving birth to children with chromosome abnormality disease and the peripheral blood karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization testing confirmed that one partner was balanced translocation/inversion carrier. The present pregnancies of these cases were spontaneous and lasted until 18-25 weeks. The other 27 cases were confirmed by chromosome examination at the present pregnancy after the indication of fetal structural abnormalities by fetal karyotyping due to advanced maternal age and abnormal ultrasound and prenatal screening results. The results of karyotyping and CMA by amniocentesis during 18 to 25 gestational weeks were all summarized and described. Results:The successful rate of both methods was 100.0% (117/117). Unbalanced and balanced translocation/inversion were detected in seven (6.0%) and 39 (33.3%) fetuses by karyotyping, respectively. CMA revealed 14 fetuses with pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) and one with variants of uncertain significance(VUS), with an anomaly detection rate of 12.8% (15/117). Among the 15 cases with CNV, 13 were related to the parental translocation/inversion, one with de novo mutation (22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome), and one Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation carrier. Based on the results of karyotype and CMA, there were 12 fetuses with unbalanced chromosomal fragments (10.3%), 37 fetuses with balanced translocation/inversion (31.6%), and 68 fetuses with normal chromosomes (58.1%). Conclusions:The combination of karyotyping and CMA can provide more accurate prenatal genetic diagnosis when one of a couple carries balanced chromosomal translocations/inversion.
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Secretory carcinoma of the breast (SBC) is a rare breast neoplasm. Most of the patients present at an early stage with a relatively indolent clinical course. Lymph node and distant metastasis are also very infrequent. The histomorphological features of the secretory breast carcinoma are quite characteristic. Predominantly three histological patterns, solid, microcystic, and tubular, have been noted with copious amounts of intra and extracellular secretory material. Most commonly, no positivity for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and ERBB2(HER2/neu) is observed in SBCs. As SBC can occasionally be hormone receptor-positive, they should not be categorized in the triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) group in general. A very characteristic genetic translocation t (12;15) has been noted in this rare tumor, resulting in a fusion between ETV6 and NTRK3 proteins. We present a case of a 60-year-old lady who presented with right breast lump of 1-month duration and was managed by lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node dissection. Axillary dissection was not performed because the sentinel lymph node biopsy was negative. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to the right breast with a boost to the tumor bed. No adjuvant chemotherapy was given No recurrence has been noted even after a year of the completion of treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma/pathology , Translocation, Genetic , Secretory Component , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: las alteraciones cromosómicas tanto de número como de estructura, son causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Afectan a aproximadamente uno de cada doscientos recién nacidos vivos, siendo la principal causa de discapacidad intelectual. Objetivo: describir el diagnóstico citogenético en una paciente afectada con discapacidad intelectual. Presentación del caso: infante de seis años de edad que es llevado a consulta de asesoramiento genético por presentar discapacidad intelectual, dismorfias y baja talla. Se realiza historia clínica genética, se aplica método clínico y diagnóstico citogenético. Se utilizó bandeo cromosómico GTG y se analizaron 25 metafases. Se realiza cariotipo donde se diagnostica una aberración cromosómica estructural (translocación compleja) en 25 metafases estudiadas, se evidencia la presencia de cuatro cromosomas autosómicos involucrados y los puntos de ruptura: 46,XX, t(7;10;14;18)(p22;q11.1;q31;q11.1). Conclusiones: el estudio permitió ofrecer un diagnóstico, definir el riesgo de recurrencia en la descendencia y mejorar el tratamiento. Se demostró la importancia del asesoramiento genético como herramienta en el nivel primario de salud.
ABSTRACT Introduction: chromosomal alterations both in number and structure are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. They affect approximately one out of every two-hundred live newborns, being the main cause of intellectual disability. Objective: to describe the cytogenetic diagnosis in a patient affected with intellectual disability. Case report: a 6-year-old child who was taken for genetic counseling due to intellectual disability, dysmorphias and short small height. Genetic clinical history was taken; clinical method and cytogenetic diagnosis were applied; GTG chromosome banding was applied and 25 metaphases were analyzed. A structural chromosomal aberration (complex translocation) was diagnosed in 25 metaphases studied, showing the presence of four (4) autosomal chromosomes involved and the breakpoints: 46,XX, t(7;10;14;18)(p22;q11.1;q31;q11.1). Conclusions: the study made possible to provide a diagnosis, define the risk of recurrence in the offspring and improve treatment, supporting the importance of genetic counseling which is a significant tool at primary health care level.
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El carcinoma de células renales con translocación (CRT) es un subtipo de carcinoma de células renales (CCR). El presente caso trata de una niña de 11 años con dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha de dos semanas de evolución. Se evidenció tumoración de 2,2 x 1,9 x 2,8 cm en el polo superior del riñón derecho, por ecografía. Luego, fue sometida a nefrectomía radical derecha y a disección ganglionar regional, tras lo cual se diagnosticó CRT subtipo Xp 11.2. Posteriormente, se inició tratamiento de primera línea con pazopanib y quimioterapia concomitante. Esta enfermedad es más frecuente entre los 10 y 15 años. Su pronóstico suele ser mejor comparado al de los adultos. El manejo multidisciplinario asociado a la disponibilidad de medicamentos de primera línea, mejora la sobrevida libre de progresión.
Translocation renal cell carcinoma (t-RCC) is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This case is about an 11-year-old with pain in right iliac fossa for two weeks. Tumor of 2.2 x 1.9 x 2.8 cm was evidenced in the upper pole of the right kidney, by ultrasound. Then, she underwent to a right radical nephrectomy and regional lymph node dissection, after which CRT subtype Xp 11.2 was diagnosed. Subsequently, first-line treatment with pazopanib and concomitant chemotherapy was initiated. This disease is more frequent between 10 and 15 years. Their prognosis is usually better compared to adults. The multidisciplinary management associated with the availability of first-line medications improves progression-free survival.
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Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of myeloid neoplasms with t (3;21) (q26;q22) .@*Methods@#Clinical data of patients with t (3; 21) (q26; q22) , diagnosed as hematologic malignancies in Peking University people's hospital from January 2011 to March 2018, were collected retrospectively. 19 patients in our hospital and forty-eight patients bearing t (3;21) (q26;q22) with detailed survival data reported in literature were summarized. Kaplan- Meier method was used for survival analysis.@*Results@#Among 19 patients, including 15 males and 4 females with a median age of 36 years (22-68 years) , 4 cases was diagnosed as de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , 4 as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) , 3 as MDS-AML and 8 as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in myeloid blast transformation. All of the 19 patients were detected to have t (3;21) (q26;q22) by G-banding technique and 13 carried additional cytogenetic aberrations. 9 of the 19 patients were detected for positive AML1-MDS1 fusion genes. In the 9 patients with detailed follow-up data, 6 patients received chemotherapy and only 2 achieved complete remission (CR) while 4 with no response. During the follow-up period, 8 patients died and the median overall survival (OS) was 6 months (4.5 to 22 months) . Survival analysis of the present 9 patients together with the literature data showed that the prognosis was poor and the median OS was 7 months. In particular, AML/t-AML had the worst prognosis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could significantly improve survival, the median OS in HSCT group and non-HSCT group were 20.9 and 4.7 months respectively (P<0.001) .@*Conclusions@#t (3; 21) (q26; q22) is a rare recurrent chromosomal abnormality which is detected mainly in myeloid neoplasm and confer to poor clinical prognosis. HSCT should be recommended to improve the outcomes.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with TLS-ERG fusion gene positive.@*Methods@#Adult two AML patients with TLS-ERG fusion gene positive in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in January 2017 and March 2018, respectively were enrolled, and their clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed.@*Results@#Both patients with TLS-ERG fusion gene positive were males. According to morphology classification, the first case was classified to AML-M5, and the other one was AML-M4. Both patients' immunophenotypic features showed CD56 expression, and CD25 was expressed in the first patient simultaneously. Both patients were treated with induction and consolidated intensive therapy based on Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of adult AML (not acute promyelocytic leukemia) and the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of AML (relapse/refractory) in China. The first patient died 11 months after diagnosis, and the second patient remained in remission until the end of follow-up in February 2019 (12 months after diagnosis).@*Conclusion@#TLS-ERG fusion gene has low incidence rate, high recurrence rate, poor reinduction effect, poor prognosis and short survival time in adult AML.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics and therapeutic effect of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(2;17;15).@*Methods@#The G-banding technique was used for karyotypic analysis in a female patient with APL who was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in December 2018. PML-RARα fusion gene was quickly detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detection 43 kinds of fusion gene, and the gene mutations were detected by next generation sequencing (NGS). The induction therapy was given with oral retinoic acid+ intravenous infusion of arsenic trioxide, followed by 3 courses of retinoic acid+ arsenic trioxide consolidation therapy.@*Results@#The G-banding karyotypic analysis demonstrated 46, XX, t(2;17;15) (q31;q21;q22)[8]/46, XX[2]. FISH results indicated that 62.0% of analyzed cells were positive for the PML-RARα fusion gene. RT-PCR further revealed the positive PML-RARα fusion gene transcript. NGS detection of gene mutations showed no obvious abnormalities. After 39 days of induction therapy with retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, the patient achieved complete remission (CR). The karyotype was 46XX[20], and PML-RARα/ABL was 0/100. Then, the patient was treated with 3 courses of consolidation therapy, and the results remained in CR.@*Conclusions@#APL with complex t(2;17;15) (q31;q21;q22) is rare, and the morphological characteristics are not typical, but it is still associated with the formation of PML-RARα fusion gene. Retinoic acid+ arsenic trioxide has a good therapeutic effect, and the long-term efficacy still needs follow-up.
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Objective@#To study the clinicopathological characteristics of lung salivary gland-type tumors (SGT), and to compare with the corresponding primary SGT in salivary glands.@*Methods@#Twenty-three cases of lung SGT were retrieved from the files of Peking University First Hospital from January 2004 to September 2018. The morphology, immunophenotype, genotype and outcome of these cases were analyzed.@*Results@#The 23 patients included 13 males and 10 females, with age range of 13-79 years (median 54 years). There were 11 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 10 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), one case each of clear cell carcinoma and myoepithelioma. The morphology and immunophenotype of lung SGT were very similar to their counterparts in salivary gland. MYB rearrangement was detected in one of 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas. MAML2 rearrangement was detected in all the MECs. EWSR1 rearrangement was detected in the one case of clear cell carcinoma. Of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, the survival time was more than 60 months (three cases), 52 months (one case), and 12-36 months (three cases). There was no recurrence and death in seven cases of MEC with follow-up results. One case of clear cell carcinoma recurred after 52 months of follow-up.@*Conclusions@#Although the SGT of lung and their counterparts in salivary gland are very similar in their morphology, immunophenotype, genotype and prognosis, there are also some differences between each other. MYB rearrangement can be detected in most adenoid cystic carcinomas of salivary gland, but rarely in lung adenoid cystic carcinoma. The prognosis of patients with lung MEC is better than that of patients with salivary gland MEC, while the prognosis of patients with lung adenoid cystic carcinoma is worse than that of patients with salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Objective@#To investigate MAML2 gene-translocation in primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) and pulmanary adenosquamous carcinoma, and the optimal diagnostic immunohistiochemical (IHC) panel in distinguishing PMEC from adenosqumous carcinoma.@*Methods@#Twenty-four cases of PMEC and 44 adenosqumous carcinoma diagnosed in the Guangdong General Hospital were tested for MAML2 translocation by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) using tissue array. An IHC panel including TTF1, Napsin A, CK5/6, p63, p40 and Ki-67 was performed on the cohort. The clinical data for all cases were collected and all PMEC patients had follow-up information.@*Results@#The patients′ age ranged form 6 to 73 years, with a median age of 32 years. The male to female ratio was 1.4∶1.0. MAML2 translocation was found in 16/24 (66.7%) cases of PMEC whereas all 44 cases adenosqumous carcinoma were negative for translocation. All the cases of the PMEC were negative for TTF1 and Napsin A but positive for CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the intermediate cells and epidermal-like cells. In most PMEC cases, the Ki-67 expression index was lower than 10%. In contrast, most cases of adenosqumous carcinomas expressed TTF1 and Napsin A in the adenomatous component and CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the squamous component, which expression pattern was different from that of PMEC. Based on IHC staining, 2 cases of highly invasive ALK-positive adenocarcinoma mimicing PMEC were also found in the study.@*Conclusions@#MAML2 gene translocation can be detected in about two-third of PMEC. Translocation of MAML2 gene and lower morphology grading are associated with good prognosis. The combined use of IHC antibodies panel is helpful to distinguish PMEC from the adenosqumous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma mimicing PMEC.
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Fundamento: Las alteraciones cromosómicas causan frecuentemente pérdidas de embarazos e infertilidad, y son una causa importante de retraso mental. El diagnóstico precoz permite la extensión del estudio a las familias de los portadores de estas translocaciones. Objetivo: identificar las translocaciones cromosómicas mediante diagnóstico citogenético. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los casos estudiados entre 2006 y 2016 de fetos diagnosticados con alguna translocación, los cuales se concentraron en 10 familias (25 individuos en total). Los datos fueron tomados de los registros del CPGMC, que contienen los diagnósticos prenatales cromosómicos realizados a la población de riesgo, y los estudios posnatales realizados en sangre periférica a los padres y otros familiares de los fetos. Fueron analizadas las siguientes variables: diagnóstico (enfermo, sano portador), tipo de aberración cromosómica (estructural, numérica), vía de heredabilidad de las aberraciones estructurales (padre o madre), y fórmula cromosómica y tipo de translocación.Resultados: del total de casos positivos y portadores diagnosticados prenatalmente, el 76,71 % fueron aberraciones numéricas. De los 17 casos de aberraciones estructurales, 13 fueron translocaciones cromosómicas, (balanceadas y no balanceadas), todas ellas heredadas de uno de los progenitores. Fueron identificados, mediante diagnóstico prenatal y posnatal, dos individuos enfermos y 23 sanos portadores en las familias estudiadas. Conclusión: existe en la provincia Cienfuegos un conjunto de personas sanas, pero portadoras de translocaciones cromosómicas, las cuales pueden transmitir a sus descendientes, lo que se traduce en la posibilidad de que estos nazcan con malformaciones.
Background: Chromosomal abnormalities frequently cause pregnancy losses and infertility, and they are an important cause of mental retardation. Early diagnosis allows extending the study to the families of these translocations carriers.Objective: to identify chromosomal translocations by cytogenetic diagnosis.Methods: a retrospective description was conducted of the studied cases between 2006 and 2016 of fetuses diagnosed with some translocation, which were grouped in 10 families (25 individuals). Data were taken from the CPGMC records, which contain the prenatal chromosomal diagnoses of population at risk, and postnatal studies in peripheral blood performed to parents and other fetuses relatives. The following variables were analyzed: diagnosis (sick, healthy carrier), type of chromosomal aberration (structural, numerical), heritability pathway of structural anomalies (father or mother), chromosome formula and type of translocation.Results: out of all positive cases and carriers diagnosed prenatally, 76.71% were numerical anomalies. From 17 cases of structural anomalies, 13 were chromosomal translocations, (balanced and unbalanced), all inherited from one of the progenitors. Two sick individuals and 23 healthy carriers in the studied families were identified by prenatal and postnatal diagnosis.Conclusion: in the Cienfuegos province, there is a healthy group of people who carry chromosomal translocations, which can be transmited to their descendants; therefore with the possibility that they are born with malformations.
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Introducción: La translocación robertsoniana se define como la fusión de dos cromosomas acrocéntricos no homólogos, con una frecuencia de un caso por cada 1000 recién nacidos. Caso clínico: Mujer de 31 años de edad, con 6 abortos. Gesta 1: hija de 12 años de edad, con ausencia de dismorfias. Terminaron en abortos espontáneos antes de las 12 primeras semanas de gestación desde la gesta 2, 11 años atrás, hasta la gesta 7, ocurrida en el año de la consulta. Con estudio citogenético que reporta 45, XX, rob(13;15) (q10;q10). Conclusión: El portador de una translocación robertsoniana entre los cromosomas 13;15 conduce a la pérdida precoz del embarazo o al nacimiento de un neonato con múltiples defectos.
Introduction: Robertsonian translocation is defined as the fusion of two non-homologous acrocentric chromosomes, with a frequency of one case per 1000 newborns. Case report: A 31-year-old female patient with the following gynecological and obstetrical history: gestations: 7, abortions 6, births 0, cesareans 1, children alive 1, children dead 0. Pregnancy 1: 12-year-old daughter, with no dysmorphia, from the second gestation 11 years ago to the seven gestations occurred this year, have ended in spontaneous abortions before the first 12 weeks of gestation. With a cytogenetic study that reports Robetsonian translocation, 45, XX, t (13/15). Conclusion: The carrier of a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 13; 15, an event that leads to the early pregnancy of pregnancy or to the birth of a neonate with multiple defects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abortion, Habitual , Translocation, Genetic , KaryotypeABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the feasibility and value of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the pathological diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of B-cell lymphomas.@*Methods@#The cohort included 604 cases of B-cell lymphoma which were collected at West China Hospital from May 2010 to December 2016.And all were subjected to interphase FISH using 11 break apart or fusion probes (MYC, bcl-2, bcl-6, IRF4, MYC/IgH, bcl-2/IgH, CCND1/IgH, IgH, API2/MALT1, p53/ATM, and D13S319/CEP12).@*Results@#The median age of the 604 B-cell lymphoma patients was 47.7 (aged 2-90) years including 372 men and 232 women. All the cases was divided into 463 large B cell lymphomas(LBL) and 141 small B cell lymphomas, and the total interphase FISH positive rate was 59.8% (361/604). Among the 463 LBL, 12.5% (58/463), 9.5% (44/463) and 2.2% (10/463) of cases showed MYC, bcl-6 and bcl-2 gene rearrangements respectively; and 363 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCLs) were reclassified as germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype (38.6%, 140/363) and non-GCB subtype (61.4%, 223/363) by Hans algorithm. The rearrangement rates in GCB and non-GCB DLBCL were 45.7%(64/140)and 21.5%(48/223; P=0.001), respectively. Compared to the non-GCB DLBCL, GCB DLBCL showed higher MYC and bcl-2 gene rearrangements (P=0.001). Eleven (2.4%, 11/463) cases had MYC and bcl-6 or bcl-2 gene rearrangement (double-hit lymphoma); one (0.2%, 1/463) case had MYC, bcl-6 and bcl-2 gene rearrangements (triple-hit lymphoma); two (0.4%, 2/463) cases had bcl-2 and bcl-6 gene rearrangements. MYC translocation and MYC/IgH fusion were detected in 94.2%(81/86) and 83.7%(72/86) cases of Burkitt lymphomas. IRF4 rearrangement was detected in two cases of IRF4+ LBCL. Genetic abnormalities were detected in 9/19, 100%(29/29), 30.8%(12/39) and 68.5%(37/54) cases of follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, MALT lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Interphase FISH can rapidly and accurately detect the genetic changes in B-cell lymphomas. Different genetic changes are specifically valuable to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and treatment guidance of various B-cell lymphomas.
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Objective@#To analyse the clinicopathologic features of gastric plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) including diagnosis, differential diagnosis, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology.@*Methods@#Eight cases of PF were collected from June 2006 to June 2017 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The clinicopathologic findings of eight cases of PF were retrospectively analyzed, and immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) and molecular detection of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) gene translocation were performed. All cases were histologically reviewed with immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin (SMA), CD10, CD117, DOG1, CD34, ER, PR, ALK and S-100. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the GLI1 gene translocation, and mutation of CKIT exons 9, 11, 13 and 17; and PDGFRA exons 12, 14 and 18 were identified by Sanger sequencing in four cases. Relevant literature was reviewed.@*Results@#The study included four men and four women, age ranged from 26 to 72 years (mean 51 years). Histologically, the tumors were rich in small thin-walled blood vessels and myxoid matrix, and exhibited multiple nodular growth pattern in the gastric wall. The tumor cells were bland, spindled or oval. Immunohistochemically, all cases strongly expressed vimentin and SMA, and some expressed CD10 (4/8), desmin (3/8), H-caldesmon (5/8) and PR (5/8), but were negative for CD34, S-100, ER, ALK, CD117 and DOG1. The GLI1 gene translocation detection was performed in eight cases by FISH with three positive cases and five negative cases. Mutation analyses for exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 of CKIT genes and exons 12, 14, and 18 of the PDGFRA genes were performed and the tumors all of four tested cases were wild-type. Seven patients were followed up (ranged from 24 to 95 months, mean 50 months) after diagnosis and none of the patients had recurrence or metastasis.@*Conclusions@#PF is a rare novel mesenchymal tumor of the stomach. Its distinct clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical positivity for SMA, CD10 and PR can help differentiating this entity from other gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. FISH detection of GLI1 gene translocation offers an additional molecular diagnostic marker for the diagnosis.
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Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) located in the X chromosome 11.2 plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation and transcription regulation. In the condition of pathology, the TFE3 gene translocates to form fusion genes, which makes the expression of TFE3 protein abnormally high, and affects the transcriptional regulation of cells and promotes the tumor formation. This article reviews the clinicopathological features of several TFE3 fusion genes related tumors,in order to improve the recognition of this disease.
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Objective@#To investigate the role of JAZF1 gene rearrangement in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).@*Methods@#JAZF1 gene rearrangement was analyzed by FISH in 129 cases of ESS diagnosed from January 2008 to December 2016 including 105 cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), 21 cases of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS) and 3 cases of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Sixteen cases of the related tumours in uterus were also collected as control group. The results were compared with our previous studies of JAZF1/JJAZ1 fusion gene in ESS by RT-PCR.@*Results@#Detection of JAZF1 gene rearrangement by FISH was successfully analyzed in 144 cases. JAZF1 gene alteration was detected in 63 cases, all of which were LG-ESS, with an overall positivity of 60.6% (63/104), while no JAZF1 gene rearrangement was found in all other cases. JAZF1 gene rearrangement was present in LG-ESS with classic histology (69.3%, 52/75), smooth muscle differentiation (2/10), sex cord-like differentiation (4/5), fibromyxoid change (1/5), clear cell change (0/1), skeletal muscle differentiation (0/1), and schwannoma-like palisading pattern (0/1). The different components in all the cases of LG-ESS with variant histology had the clonal origin, with or without JAZF1 gene alteration. Compared to the results of JAZF1/JJAZ1 fusion gene by RT-PCR, the positive rate of JAZF1 gene rearrangement in LG-ESS by FISH (61.9%, 26/42) was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR (30.0%, 12/40; P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#JAZF1 gene rearrangement is present only in LG-ESS, but not in HG-ESS, UUS or other related tumours in uterus. The frequency of JAZF1 gene rearrangement varies between classic LG-ESS and different morphologic variants. It is frequently, but not consistently, present in classic LG-ESS and less often positive in variant cases. The results of JAZF1 gene alterations in LG-ESS with different morphologic variants support the contention that the endometrial stromal and their variant morphologic components have the same clonal origin. Detection of JAZF1 gene rearrangement by FISH is very useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ESS.
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Purpose To investigate CT and MRI manifestations of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (abbreviation as Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma).Materials and Methods Eighteen cases of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Ten patients underwent CT scans,2 of them had unenhanced CT and 8 of them had pre-and post-contrast CT scan.Fourteen cases underwent plain and multi-phase contrast MRI scan,including 2 cases with unenhanced CT and 4 cases with pre-and post-contrast CT scan.The location,size,shape,density/signal,blood supply and the enhancement of the Xpl 1.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma were analyzed.Results All of the 18 tumors located in the corticomedullary with 17 solid lesions and 1 cystic lesion.The mean maximum diameter of the tumor was (4.6±2.0) cm.Thirteen lesions were circular or oval and 5 were irregularly or lobulated lesions.Ten lesions showed slightly high or high density on unenhanced CT,and the average CT value was (50.6± 11.5) HU,in which 4 lesions showed calcification.Among 8 cases of enhanced CT,1 lesion showed abundant blood supply,while 7 lesions showed lack of blood supply.Fourteen cases of MRI scan exhibited various imaging features with short T1 and T2 signal,and the persistent enhancement in the medullary phase.The MRI findings were further divided into 3 types according to the signal intensity and blood supply except 1 cystic lesion:① 5 lesions predominantly with short T1 and T2 signal were lack of blood supply;② 4 lesions predominantly with slightly longer T1 and T2 signal were abundant blood supply;③ 4 lesions predominantly with equal T1 and T2 signal were relatively lack of blood supply.Conclusion The CT and MRI features of Xpl 1.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma had certain manifestations:slightly high or high density nodule or mass located in corticomedullary on pre-contrast CT scan,various signal intensity with short T1 and T2 signal on MRI,and the persistent enhancement in the medullary phase.These image features combined with clinical data are helpful for diagnosis.
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No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA) é uma neoplasia hematológica associada a alta morbidade e mortalidade. Os mecanismos genômicos causadores da LMA são diversos e incluem mutações em ponto, inserções, deleções, alterações do número de cópias, na metilação e translocações cromossômicas. Enquanto os genes envolvidos nas translocações cromossômicas mais frequentemente encontradas em LMA já tenham sido identificados, ainda existem dezenas de translocações cromossômicas recorrentes cujos genes envolvidos nos pontos de quebra cromossômicos não são conhecidos. Esta identificação é essencial para a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos da leucemogênese e muitas vezes podem ter um impacto clínico, modificando a estratificação prognóstica ou a conduta terapêutica. No presente trabalho, através da técnica de sequenciamento de DNA de nova geração, identificamos os genes envolvidos em duas translocações cromossômicas recorrentes em LMA: t(7;12)(p15:p13) e t(5;18)(q35;q21) que levam aos genes de fusão ETV6-ANLN e NPM1-HAUS1 respectivamente. A fusão ETV6-ANLN justapõe o exon 1 do gene ETV6 aos exons 2 a 25 do gene ANLN, gerando uma proteína bastante similar ao ANLN selvagem. Esta fusão gênica é expressa em precursores hematopoiéticos CD34+ e nas linhagens granulocítica e linfoide T, tendo provavelmente ocorrido em uma célula tronco hematopoiética ou em um precursor comum linfóide e mielóide. A fusão NPM1-HAUS1 justapõe os exons 1 a 11 do gene NPM1 ao exon 9 do gene HAUS1, gerando uma proteína similar ao NPM1, porém com a presença de um sinal de exportação nuclear na porção C-terminal da proteína. Como consequência, a proteína híbrida NPM1-HAUS1 localiza-se no núcleo e no citoplasma, ao contrário da NPM1 selvagem que tem localização exclusivamente nuclear. Como a localização citoplasmática da proteína NPM1 é leucemogênica em outros contextos, esse é provavelmente o mecanismo leucemogênico inicial associado a esta translocação cromossômica. Em conclusão, nós identificamos e caracterizamos duas novas fusões gênicas recorrentes em LMA. (AU)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a neoplastic myeloid disease characterized by progressive substitution of normal hematopoiesis by leukemic blasts that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. AML is a genomic disease caused by distinct genomic mechanisms such as single nucleotide substitutions, insertions, deletions, copy number variations and chromosomal translocations. While the genes involved in common chromosomal translocations have been well studied, there are several recurrent chromosomal translocations for which the affected genes have not been characterized. The identifications of such genes is essential for better understanding of AML pathophysiology and has the potential to improve diagnostic, prognostic and the therapeutic approach of patients harboring such chromosomal translocations. In the present study we have identified the genes involved in two recurring chromosomal translocations in AML by means of next generation DNA sequencing: t(7;12)(p15:p13) and t(5;18)(q35;q21) that lead to the gene fusions ETV6-ANLN and NPM1-HAUS1 respectively. The gene fusion ETV6-ANLN juxtaposes ETV6 exon 1 to ANLN exons 2 to 25, culminating with a putative protein highly similar to wild type ANLN. This gene fusion is expressed in hematopoietic precursors, granulocytes and T cell lymphocytes, probably occurring in a hematopoietic stem cell or a common myeloid lymphoid precursor. The gene fusion NPM1-HAUS1 leads to the fusion of NPM1 exons 1 to 11 to HAUS1 exon 9, generetaing a putative protein similar to wild type NPM1 with the addition of a novel nuclear export signal (NES) in the C-terminal region of the protein. Regarding subcellular localization, NPM1-HAUS1 localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm in opposition to wild type NPM1 that localizes exclusively in the nucleus. Since NPM1 cytoplasmic localization has been shown to be associated with leukemogenesis, this is probably the neoplastic mechanism associated with this gene fusion. In conclusion, we have described and characterized two novel gene fusions associated with recurrent chromosomal translocations in AML. (AU)
Subject(s)
Gene Fusion , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Primary Myelofibrosis , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
Objective To compare two kinds of strategies of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to evaluate embryos for reciprocal and robertsonian translocation carriers. Methods A total of 152 PGD cycles for chromosomal translocation were performed from April 2012 to June 2014 , including 60 aCGH-PGD cycles using blastomere biopsy and fresh embryo transfer, and 92 SNP-PGD cycles using blastocyst biopsy and thawed embryo transfer. The diagnosis results and clinical outcome with these two kinds of strategies were compared. Results No significant difference was found in the cycles of no embryo transfer between SNP-PGD and aCGH-PGD. The normal rate in SNP-PGD was 33.8%, which was significant higher than that of aCGH-PGD. The clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in SNP-PGD was higher than that in aCGH-PGD, but the misscarrage rate and embryo damage rate were lower than those in aCGH-PGD. Conclusions The PGD strategy of applying blastocyst biopsy, SNP array, embryo cryopreservation and thawed ET leads to a better clinical outcome. It may be a promising choice for future PGD treatment for carriers with chromosomal translocation.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The incidence and clinical correlation of MALT1 translocation and chromosomal numerical aberrations in Korean patients with ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma have not yet been reported. We investigated the incidence and clinicopathologic relationship of these chromosomal aberrations in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas in a Korean population. METHODS: Thirty ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas were investigated for the t(11;18) API2-MALT1, t(14;18) IgH-MALT1 translocations and chromosomes 3 and 18 aneuploidies using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Patient medical records were reviewed retrospectively for information on demographics and clinical characteristics, including treatment response. RESULTS: The MALT1 gene rearrangement was found in one out of 30 cases. The t(14;18) IgH-MALT1 translocation was demonstrated in only one case (3.3%), and the t(11;18) API2-MALT1 translocation was not found in any of the cases. Trisomy 3 was observed in three ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas (10.0%), and five cases showed trisomy 18 (16.7%). Translocation positive cases also showed trisomy 18. One case of tumor relapse showed trisomy 18 only in the recurrent biopsies. There were no statistically significant correlations between chromosomal aberrations and clinical characteristics and treatment responses. CONCLUSIONS: Translocations involving the MALT1 gene are not common in Korean ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas. The t(14;18) translocation was detected in only one out of 30 cases, and the t(11;18) translocation was not found at all. Furthermore, the chromosomal aberrations found in this study had no prognostic implications.